" Each of our three critics has the "Okies" under the microscopic; but they employ three different lenses to examine their subjects. As we move from Reed to Owens to Gladstein, the calibration of the microscope moves steadily away. The movement starts with a narrow aperture, and "zooms out" to encompass a universal perspective: the "Okies" however, remain solidly in the center of our lens' field of vision. Points

John R. Reed, in his article "The Grapes of Wrath and the Esthetics of Indigence" close scrutiny of life & language of the migrants.

A reveals their dignity focus firmly on them, no need for archetypal / biblical interpretation

Louis Owens, in his article "The American Joads," widens the lens of perspective symbolic of the entire...

expansion centrality of bible to Steinbeck's vision
Mimi Reisel Gladstein, in her article, "The Grapes of Wrath: Steinbeck and the Eternal Immigrant," goes one further and backs the lens off even more

Okies as a universal metaphor for immigrant workers throughout the world

Gladstein's immigrant background - her reading reflects her own experience she employs sociological terms like "ethnophaulism" her examination of language contrasts to Reed's examination of language summing up 3 lens visions and "living" characters common belief in "affirming message" in novel as a whole conclusion - 3 views - uplifting message